Series Circuit vs. Parallel Circuit: What's the Difference?
Read the comparison below, or explore it visually. Create a visual lesson comparing series circuit and parallel circuit using available credits or plan allowance.
A series circuit connects components one after another along a single path, so the same current flows through each, while a parallel circuit gives each component its own branch across the same voltage. In series the supply voltage is shared and one break stops everything; in parallel each branch works independently and the total resistance falls as branches are added.
At a glance
| Series Circuit | Parallel Circuit | |
|---|---|---|
| Current paths | One single path | Two or more separate branches |
| Current | Same through every component | Splits between branches; branch currents add up |
| Voltage | Shared; component voltages add to the supply | Same full voltage across every branch |
| Total resistance | R = R₁ + R₂ + …, grows with each part | 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + …, less than the smallest |
| If one part fails | The whole circuit stops working | Other branches keep working |
Which should you use?
Series wiring suits parts that must share one current, such as a fuse or switch placed in series with an appliance so it can cut the power, or cells stacked in a torch to add their voltages.
Parallel wiring is used in homes so every appliance gets the full mains voltage (230 V in India) and can be switched on or off without affecting the fan, lights or fridge.