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Psychology

What is Operant conditioning?

Operant conditioning is learning through consequences: behaviors followed by rewards are repeated, and behaviors followed by punishments fade. B.F. Skinner described how rewards and penalties shape voluntary behavior.

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Key things to understand

  • 1Reinforcement (reward) increases a behavior; punishment decreases it.
  • 2'Positive' means adding something; 'negative' means removing something.
  • 3It explains habits, animal training, and app/game design.
  • 4It differs from classical conditioning, which links stimuli to automatic responses.

Frequently asked questions

What's the difference between operant and classical conditioning?
Operant changes voluntary behavior through consequences; classical links a stimulus to an automatic reflex.
What is reinforcement?
Anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior — a reward (positive) or removing something unpleasant (negative).
Who discovered operant conditioning?
Psychologist B.F. Skinner, building on earlier work by Edward Thorndike.

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