Skip to content
Psychology

What is Classical conditioning?

Classical conditioning is a type of learning where a neutral cue becomes linked to an automatic response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally triggers it. Pavlov's dogs salivating at a bell are the classic example.

See it, don’t just read it.
Watch a 2-minute lesson with voice + animation that explains classical conditioning.
▶ Watch the visual lesson

Key things to understand

  • 1A neutral stimulus (a bell) is paired repeatedly with one that triggers a reflex (food).
  • 2Eventually the neutral stimulus alone triggers the response (salivation).
  • 3It was discovered by Ivan Pavlov while studying dogs' digestion.
  • 4It explains many learned emotional reactions, like fears and cravings.

Frequently asked questions

What was Pavlov's experiment?
He rang a bell before feeding dogs; soon the bell alone made them salivate, showing a conditioned response.
How is it different from operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning links stimuli to automatic responses; operant conditioning changes behavior through rewards and punishments.
Does classical conditioning affect humans?
Yes — it shapes things like phobias, advertising associations, and taste aversions.

Related topics