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What is static electricity?

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Quick answer

Static electricity is a buildup of electric charge on a surface, created when materials rub together and transfer tiny particles called electrons. It's why a balloon sticks to your hair and why you sometimes feel a small shock touching a doorknob.

Key things to understand

  1. It's an imbalance of electric charge on a surface.
  2. Rubbing materials transfers electrons between them.
  3. The charge stays put (static) until it discharges.
  4. It causes clinging, sparks, and small shocks.

People also ask

What causes static electricity?
Rubbing materials together transfers electrons, leaving a buildup of electric charge on a surface.
Why do you get shocked touching a doorknob?
Built-up static charge on you suddenly discharges to the metal, which you feel as a tiny shock.
Why does a balloon stick to hair?
Rubbing charges the balloon, and the opposite charges attract, making it cling.

Part of the guide: Everyday Science: Light, Heat & Matter →