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Mathematics

What is Prime numbers?

A prime number is a whole number greater than 1 that has exactly two factors: 1 and itself. 2, 3, 5, 7, and 11 are primes — they're the building blocks of all other numbers.

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Key things to understand

  • 1A prime can't be divided evenly by any number except 1 and itself.
  • 22 is the only even prime; every other even number is divisible by 2.
  • 3Every whole number factors uniquely into primes (the fundamental theorem of arithmetic).
  • 4Primes power the modern encryption that secures the internet.

Frequently asked questions

Is 1 a prime number?
No. A prime has exactly two distinct factors, and 1 has only one factor.
Why are prime numbers important?
They're the building blocks of all integers and underpin encryption that keeps online data secure.
How many prime numbers are there?
Infinitely many — a fact proven by Euclid over 2,000 years ago.

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