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Science

How does the water cycle work?

The water cycle works as a continuous loop powered by the Sun and gravity: water evaporates from oceans and land, rises and condenses into clouds, falls as precipitation, and flows back to the sea to start again.

See it in motion.
Watch a 2-minute animated lesson that shows exactly how the water cycle works.
▶ Watch the visual lesson

Step by step

  • 1The Sun heats surface water into vapor (evaporation); plants add vapor too (transpiration).
  • 2Rising vapor cools and condenses into cloud droplets.
  • 3Droplets combine and fall as rain, snow, or hail (precipitation).
  • 4Water collects in rivers, oceans, and underground, then the cycle repeats.

Frequently asked questions

What powers the water cycle?
The Sun's heat drives evaporation, and gravity pulls precipitation and runoff back down.
What is condensation?
When water vapor cools and turns back into tiny liquid droplets, forming clouds.
Does the same water keep recycling?
Yes — Earth's water has cycled for billions of years; it just changes form and place.

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