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Science

How does sound travel?

Sound travels as a wave of vibrations through a medium like air, water, or solids. A vibrating object pushes nearby particles, which bump the next ones, passing the vibration along until it reaches your ear.

See it in motion.
Watch a 2-minute animated lesson that shows exactly how sound works.
▶ Watch the visual lesson

Step by step

  • 1Sound is a vibration that moves as a pressure wave through a medium.
  • 2Particles bump their neighbors, passing energy along — they don't travel with the wave.
  • 3It needs a medium, so there's no sound in the vacuum of space.
  • 4It travels faster through denser media (solids > liquids > gases).

Frequently asked questions

Can sound travel in space?
No — space is a vacuum with no particles to carry the vibration, so sound can't travel.
Why does sound travel faster in water than air?
Water's particles are closer together, so vibrations pass between them more quickly.
How do we hear sound?
Sound waves vibrate the eardrum; tiny structures convert that into nerve signals the brain interprets.

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