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Science

How do rockets work?

Rockets work by Newton's third law: they burn fuel to blast gas downward at high speed, and the equal-and-opposite reaction pushes the rocket up. Because they carry their own oxygen, they work even in the vacuum of space.

See it in motion.
Watch a 2-minute animated lesson that shows exactly how rockets works.
▶ Watch the visual lesson

Step by step

  • 1Burning fuel + oxidizer creates high-pressure exhaust gas.
  • 2The engine forces that gas out the back at huge speed (action).
  • 3The reaction force pushes the rocket forward/up (Newton's third law).
  • 4Carrying their own oxidizer lets rockets work in space, where there's no air.

Frequently asked questions

How do rockets work in space with no air?
They carry their own oxidizer, so they don't need air to burn fuel, and thrust comes from expelling gas — not pushing on air.
What is thrust?
The forward force produced by expelling exhaust gas backward at high speed.
Why are rockets staged?
Dropping empty fuel tanks (stages) sheds dead weight, so the remaining rocket accelerates more efficiently.

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