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How does a refrigerator work?

A refrigerator works by moving heat from inside to outside using a circulating refrigerant. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the food compartment, then releases it at the back of the fridge — leaving the inside cold.

See it in motion.
Watch a 2-minute animated lesson that shows exactly how a refrigerator works.
▶ Watch the visual lesson

Step by step

  • 1A refrigerant fluid cycles through coils, changing between liquid and gas.
  • 2Inside, it evaporates and absorbs heat, cooling the compartment.
  • 3A compressor pumps it; outside coils release the absorbed heat.
  • 4It doesn't 'make cold' — it moves heat out.

Frequently asked questions

How does a fridge stay cold?
A refrigerant absorbs heat from inside and dumps it outside, continuously moving heat out of the compartment.
What does the compressor do?
It pressurizes and circulates the refrigerant so it can release the heat it absorbed.
Why is the back of a fridge warm?
That's where the absorbed heat is released to the room via the condenser coils.

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