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How does a microphone work?

A microphone works by turning sound into an electrical signal. Sound waves push on a thin diaphragm, and its tiny movements are converted into a matching electric current that devices can record, amplify, or transmit.

See it in motion.
Watch a 2-minute animated lesson that shows exactly how a microphone works.
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Step by step

  • 1Sound waves vibrate a thin diaphragm inside the mic.
  • 2Those vibrations are converted into a matching electrical signal.
  • 3Different designs use magnets, capacitors, or crystals to do this.
  • 4The signal can then be recorded, amplified, or sent over a network.

Frequently asked questions

How does a microphone turn sound into a signal?
Sound vibrates a diaphragm, and that motion is converted into a matching electrical current.
What are the main types of microphones?
Common types include dynamic (magnet and coil) and condenser (charged plates) microphones.
How do voice assistants use microphones?
Mics capture your speech as a signal, which AI then converts to text and interprets.

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