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How does Earth's magnetic field work?
Quick answer
Earth's magnetic field is generated deep inside the planet, where the swirling molten iron of the outer core acts like a giant dynamo. This churning, electrically conductive metal creates electric currents that produce a magnetic field stretching far into space.
Step by step
- It's generated by Earth's molten iron outer core.
- Moving, conductive metal acts like a dynamo.
- This produces a field reaching far into space.
- It guides compasses and shields us from solar wind.
People also ask
How does Earth's magnetic field work?
Churning molten iron in Earth's outer core acts as a dynamo, generating the planet's magnetic field.
Why does a compass point north?
Its needle aligns with Earth's magnetic field, which runs roughly between the magnetic poles.
Does Earth's magnetic field ever change?
Yes — it drifts, weakens and strengthens, and has even flipped poles many times over geological history.
Part of the guide: Space & Astronomy →